广东西瓜上检测到甜瓜黄斑病毒

在广东发现了可能被番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)病毒侵染的西瓜,采用ELISA和RT-PCR法对该西瓜病样进行了检测,西瓜病叶粗汁液不与番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)和西瓜银斑驳病毒(Watermelon silver mottle virus,WSMoV)的血清发生反应;利用引物J13/UHP通过RT-PCR可以扩增出约1400 bp的基因片段,该片段包括一个840 bp的核衣壳蛋白ORF,其推导的氨基酸序列与已报道的Melon yellow spot virus(MYSV)NP基因氨基酸序列的同源率都为99%,进化树分析表明侵染广东西瓜的病毒(命名为MYSV-GZ)属于Tospovirus的MYSV血清组。     

河北省主推番茄品种抗黄化曲叶病鉴定与筛选初报

采用田间自然鉴定方法对河北省42个番茄生产主推品种进行抗番茄黄化曲叶病鉴定。结果表明,‘迪芬尼’、‘74 589’、‘佳西娜’、‘格利’、‘74 587’、‘荷兰6号’、‘Ty204’等7个品种田间表现明显抗番茄黄化曲叶病,发病率分别为0、0、0、1.35%、1.32%、0、1.76%。其余35个品种田间均表现明显感病,发病率最高的品种为‘鲁寿巨粉’,发病率达到99.22%,各品种发病率差异显著。     

不同向日葵品种对黄萎病的抗性*

采用浸根接种法鉴定不同向日葵种质资源对黄萎病的抗性差异。结果表明：40份供试向日葵品种依据抗性划分标准共分为3类,其中中抗品种有5份如：‘118’、‘新葵杂5号’等;低抗品种有8份如‘767’、‘KJ003’等;其余27份供试材料均呈现感病;没有鉴定出免疫和高抗的向日葵品种。     

成年鲁西牛肌内前脂肪细胞的分离培养

建立牛肌内前脂肪细胞体外培养方法，旨在更深入地研究组成肌肉内脂肪组织的肌内前脂肪细胞的增殖分化特性及其影响因素。选取来自成年育肥鲁西黄牛第6与第7肋骨间的肌肉内脂肪组织，利用Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法分离获得牛肌内前脂肪细胞。培养出的细胞成分均一，增殖旺盛，分化率高，经形态学动态变化观察、生长曲线、油红O脂肪染色提取法及对胰岛素和地塞米松反应的测定，证明是功能活跃的前脂肪细胞，并在体外重现了其增殖分化过程，同时经染色体核型分析证明体外培养的细胞倍性正常，可以用于后续研究。本试验成功分离得到了成年育肥牛肌内前脂肪细胞，这为下一步研究肌内脂肪的沉积机制，改善牛肉品质奠定了基础。     

What do artificial nests tells us about nest predation?

Artificial nests are commonly used to evaluate predation, but the assumption that this method mimics predation on natural nests has seldom been tested. Natural and artificial nests of eastern yellow robins (Eopsaltria australis) were monitored in four, 55-ha plots over two breeding seasons. Overall, daily survival rates were higher (P<0.001) for natural (95%/day) than for artificial nests (88%/day). Among plots, daily survival rates for the two types of nests were not correlated with one another (P=0.72) indicating that the spatial pattern of predation on artificial nests did not mimic that for natural nests. Seasonal variation was evident for natural nests in one year, when they were more successful at the beginning and end of the breeding season. No seasonal patterns were observed for artificial nests in either year. Neither natural nor artificial nests showed annual variation in predation. Previous researchers concluded that large birds were important predators on robin nests. In this study, predation by large birds on artificial nests was positively correlated with the numbers of large birds counted on the plots (P=0.04). However, large birds depredated only 16% of artificial nests. Daily survival rates for artificial nests were recalculated using predation by large birds only. These rates were compared with natural nests, but there was still no correspondence in the spatial and temporal patterns of predation for the two types of nests. These results suggest that inferences about predation on natural nests based on artificial nest studies should be avoided.     

不同根部微灌水器对云南红壤和黄沙土水分分布的影响

探索根部微灌水器类型对土壤水分分布的影响和作用规律,是提高根部微灌水效率的有效途径。该文研究了根部微灌水器类型对土壤水分分布的影响。试验采用2种灌溉方式(地上滴灌和根部微灌)、2种灌水器(流量可调式灌水器和内镶贴片式滴灌带),测定各处理在3种灌水时长(5、15和30 min),在2种土壤(云南红壤土和黄沙土)时的土壤水分含量。结果表明:1)灌水器种类与土壤类型、灌水器种类与灌水时长对土壤水分有极显著的交互作用(P0.01),但三者之间没有显著交互作用(P0.05);2)流量可调式灌水器四周配有8个水平出水孔,其灌溉水在2种土壤中向四周渗出的水平宽度都较宽(25 cm左右),而内镶贴片式滴灌带只有1个向下单孔,灌溉水向四周渗出的水平宽度均较窄(16 cm左右);3)在红壤土中,根部微灌内镶贴片式滴灌带的高含水率区域更接近于作物根部区域,而地上滴灌的高含水率区域基本上集中在花盆土壤的上部区域;4)在红壤土中,基质势对灌溉水的运移起主要作用,而在黄沙土中重力势起主要作用;5)在红壤土中,灌水时间越短,土壤面积百分比为70%时对应的区域越集中在较窄的和较低的土壤含水率区段,且各区段是连续的,灌水30 min时,它所对应的土壤含水率区段最宽,土壤水分分布均匀性也最高;在黄沙土中,随着灌水时间的增加,土壤面积百分比为70%时所对应的土壤含水率区段范围大,且黄沙土所对应的分布区段大于红壤土,表明红壤土水分分布不均,而黄沙土水分分布较均匀。该文为提高根部微灌系统使用效率提供理论依据。     

Effect of Selenium on Mineral Content and Nutritive Value of Melilotus officinalis L.

Plants of Melilotus officinalis L. were subjected to two different treatments: a) no selenium (Se), and b) addition of 3 mg Se L^?1 irrigation water for 45 days and samples of leaves, stems and roots were analyzed for Se, potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Crude protein (CP) content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were also estimated for the aerial plant tissues. In Se-treated plants Se mainly accumulated in leaf tissues, various changes in macronutrient concentrations were detected, while the micronutrient content decreased significantly. In addition, leaf CP, NDF and ADF content decreased, while IVOMD increased, possibly indicating ameliorated nutritive value. According to our findings, M. officinalis could be used either as a dietary supplement, in mixture with non-accumulator species, for livestock feed deficient in Se or for restoration of grasslands in seleniferous soils.     

黄壤旱坡地梯化对土壤磷素流失的影响

在贵州中部黄壤旱坡地上 ,通过无界径流小区法以及野外坡面径流小区试验 ,对梯化和未梯化的黄壤旱坡地地表径流中磷酸根态磷、颗粒态磷以及生物有效磷的浓度变化 ,以及旱地梯化种植与传统顺坡种植下土壤磷流失量的差异进行了研究。结果表明 ,梯化与未梯化黄壤旱坡地地表径流中颗粒态磷和生物有效磷含量出现显著性的差异 ,旱坡地梯化后地表径流中颗粒态磷的含量减少 17.0 9%～ 5 7.94 % ,生物有效磷含量减少 16.0 1%～3 6.83 %。黄壤旱地土埂梯化种植能明显减少地表径流中颗粒态磷的流失量 ,其年均颗粒态磷的流失量比传统顺坡种植减少 71.64% ,但旱地梯化种植未能明显减少水溶态磷的流失量。土壤磷素水平的提高能明显增加旱坡地磷素的流失潜能 ,黄壤旱地梯化种植结合平衡施肥是减少土壤磷素流失以及保护水体质量的有效途径。     

黄皮尖椒新品种长研206的选育

黄皮尖椒长研206是以8218为母本，F285为父本配制而成的一代杂交种。中熟，首花节位11～12节，青果黄绿色，生物学成熟果鲜红色，果实长牛角形，顺直，果表光滑，果长22～25cm，果宽3．2cm，果肉厚0．30cm，单果质量70g左右；辣味中等，肉厚耐运。2010—2011年区域试验平均每667m^2产量为1718．5kg，多点试验平均产量为3230．0kg／667m^2．，连续坐果能力好，抗病性强，青红两用，适宜两广、海南等南菜北运基地栽培。     

Mineral Composition and Soil-Plant Relationships for Common Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Yellow Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) Tree Parts and Fruits

The mineral compositions of the fruit and tree parts of common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum, were determined. The study occurred during three seasons at six locations in Hawaii to assess guava as feed for livestock. Guava bark contained the greatest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and ash; leaves the greatest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), and manganese (Mn); and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The leaves and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Between guava and waiwi, guava had greater concentrations of most minerals except for Na in all plant parts, and Mg and ash in the leaves. Guava leaves and shoots meet the macromineral requirements for various phases of sheep, goat, and beef cattle life cycles with the exception of P and Na. Guava shoots do not meet Mn requirements for lactating cows.